In the project file (*.vcxproj) remove or comment out the WindowsTargetPlatformVersion property:
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
...
<!-- <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.16299.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion> -->
</PropertyGroup>
Add this new property group which gets evaluated by VS/MSBuild to the latest installed SDK version:
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(WindowsTargetPlatformVersion)'==''">
<!-- Latest Target Version property -->
<LatestTargetPlatformVersion>$([Microsoft.Build.Utilities.ToolLocationHelper]::GetLatestSDKTargetPlatformVersion('Windows', '10.0'))</LatestTargetPlatformVersion>
<WindowsTargetPlatformVersion Condition="'$(WindowsTargetPlatformVersion)' == ''">$(LatestTargetPlatformVersion)</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
<TargetPlatformVersion>$(WindowsTargetPlatformVersion)</TargetPlatformVersion>
</PropertyGroup>
